04. For which patient populations or treatment areas did hospitals make exceptions to these visitor restrictions?

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04. For which patient populations or treatment areas did hospitals make exceptions to these visitor restrictions?

a. The categories of exceptions found across hospital sites, based on patient specialty need, hospital area, or patient characteristics were as follows:

Hospital Area or Patient Population	% of Institutions	# of Institutions
Pediatrics	84%	59
Maternity/Labor and Delivery/Obstetrics	74%	52
End-of-Life	61%	43
Emergency Department	56%	39
Surgery and Procedures	51%	36
Disability	47%	34
Neonatal ICU (NICU)	40%	28
Infusion Center	14%	10
Behavioral Health Issues, Safety Concerns	13%	9
Discharge	9%	8
Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Patients	4%	3
Admission	0%	0

Key Clinical Questions

01. What was the timing of visitor restriction policies implemented by hospitals across the United States in response to COVID-19? Did those policies change with time?
02. For whom were the policies intended (e.g., hospital staff vs patients/families)?
03. Did hospitals implement different visitor restriction policies for COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patient populations?
04. For which patient populations or treatment areas did hospitals make exceptions to these visitor restrictions?
05. What screening requirements for visitors did hospitals implement during the COVID-19 pandemic?
06. What accommodations did hospitals provide for visitors or for waiting family members/advocates?
07. What were the policies for visitor restriction for patients at end-of-life? How did hospitals define “end-of-life” for the purposes of these exceptions?
08. Who was responsible for implementing visitor restriction policies at hospitals? What pathways for escalation were introduced if questions about the policies arose?
09. What criteria did hospitals use to determine when visitor restriction policies might end or change?
10. With visitor restrictions in place, what methods of communication were recommended to connect patients to their family/advocates outside the hospital?
11. Did hospitals restrict what items family/advocates could bring or send to patients in the hospital?